Multi-Level Organizational Research Free Essays

string(61) past as a result of the lack of earlier work in comparable areas. Association is vital to human accomplishment. The most practiced people will in general have supporting gatherings and structures, which have significant jobs in praised triumphs, however they may stay avoided shallow perspectives. Associations go back to the beginning of human advancement, with strict foundations and military powers being suffering models. We will compose a custom exposition test on Staggered Organizational Research or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Associations are inalienably staggered (Klein, Kozlowski, 2003). Each level is associated with and reliant on the others. The individual, groups, and the association in general, are the 3 huge pieces of a common structure. Associations, however they exist in multicolored assortments of purposes, sizes, and natures, share basic issues when they become subjects of deliberate request. Execution and adequacy are the two most significant inspirations for hierarchical exploration, however the communications among people and gatherings are matters of essential interests in fields of humanism and brain research. This report considers the unavoidable ramifications of numerous levels in associations, and proposes best practices as for concentrating such structures and the individuals who work inside them. The emphasis is on the most proficient method to join staggered real factors in to authoritative examination, Expressing the Obvious It is normal information that associations are made of people, and that gatherings of individuals need to work as groups. Be that as it may, the ramifications of the undeniable on how associations ought to be contemplated and estimated are perplexing and positively not as self-evident. It might be enticing to depend on over-rearrangements and disregard staggered parts of associations when planning research activities to consider them. Exchange between singular observations and associations are regular to a wide range of associations. Staggered varieties have been found even in the jail structure (Camp, et al. 1997), where institutional tasks and fulfillment with prompt oversight have equivalent effects on the social atmosphere. The suggestion is that any exploration in to the working and execution of a huge structure with branches at numerous levels needs to consolidate unmistakable periods of examination for people at the outskirts, for groups that work inside the assemblage of structures, and for the whole association as an element. Every one of these levels will be in unique between play with the other two. A wonder at a lower level, for instance, Â may not interface with hypothesis approval at a more significant level (Crowston, 2002). There are numerous instances of advances being coordinated in to associations at lower levels, without undeniable proof of the advantages at more elevated levels. That is the reason determinations from research at a solitary level may not yield completely significant ends. The best individual specialized aptitudes may come to nothing if an individual can't manage others; likewise, as well as cannot be expected capacity without sufficient assets and backing from above (Loo, 2003). No amount of association can be free, assume all the acknowledgment, or be doled out the entirety of the fault. Analytical exploration, which means to analyze why an association capacities worse than average, or which looks to make proposals for development, needs to approve its recommendations for possibility and propriety at every one of the various levels. Past hierarchical examination has concentrated more on the individual level, and insufficient on groups and the association as a unit, or on the cooperations between these levels (Schnake, and Dumler, 2003). Be that as it may, this pattern has started to change and analysts of today can not, at this point the numerous level structures of associations they may wish to consider. Association science needs to coordinate the mix which marks writing on the presence of various levels (Klein, Kozlowski, 2003). Blended level examination needs techniques and estimations of their own (Schnake, and Dumler, 2003); the degrees of information assortment and investigation are regularly not the same.â Pluralistic obliviousness, in which every individual has an exceptional view of the self versus that of others and of the association, normally torment authoritative exploration. That is the reason activities ought not be founded exclusively on the overviewed and saw assessments of individual individuals about their friends, predominant, subordinates, and gatherings. Base up models which draw inductions from lower levels for the higher will yield various decisions if a top down methodology is utilized (Klein, Kozlowski, 2003). Exploration strategies must record for how points of view change with levels. It might be ideal to embrace an iterative methodology, thinking not small scale or full scale, however both smaller scale and large scale (Klein, Kozlowski, 2003). Exploration Objectives as Determinants Given that various levels are omnipresent in associations of different kinds and sizes, all examination here should take the marvel in to account. Hierarchical examination may fluctuate by destinations, and this factor of contrast can help in managing various levels. The People and Process components of the Marketing Mix for Services (Payne, 2002) assume significant jobs in deciding techniques followed by associations which don't have concrete or unmistakable item includes in their offers. Examination in to the interior activities of such associations may concentrate on the lower levels of individual abilities, and little group working, instead of worry about association level issues. On the other hand, securities exchange examiners who are worried about explicit money related results may like to harp on adequacy of associations in general (Huber and Glick, 1993), as opposed to waste time with subtleties of issues at miniaturized scale levels. Cutting back and new structures are some significant worries of contemporary hierarchical examination. These wonders make most strains on the individual (Huber, and Glick, 1993) and henceforth extends which look to examine the impacts of combination and various progressive systems should concentrate on the least degree of individual individuals from staff. The shortsighted methodology of concentrating on only one degree of association won't work in all cases. Correspondence issues, matters identified with decent variety in the work power and matters concerning worldwide associations, all expect work to be done at all levels (Huber, and Glick, 1993). Social atmosphere concentrates additionally need to take all levels in to account, since institutional activities can have varieties at its spatially isolated locales, and individual varieties also with respect to work fulfillment and hierarchical duty (Camp, et al. 1997). A portion of the examination issues of numerous levels in associations emerged in the past on account of the scarcity of earlier work in comparable zones. You read Staggered Organizational Research in class Exposition models However, there has been a course of hierarchical exploration lately, with numerous level enquiries (Huber and Glick, 1993). This new assemblage of work can be utilized as formats when new exploration extends in authoritative conduct are attempted. The Effects of Organizational Labeling Associations will in general fit in to generalizations which have been made out in the open personalities after some time. Expertly oversaw enterprises, ideological groups, strict foundations, and organizations, are a couple of instances of such set examples of our aggregate personalities. At the same time, associations are something other than individuals who control or work in them. Providers, agents, controllers, franchisees, and clients are a portion of different classes of partners. All associations don't need to be similarly receptive to the earth (Huber and Glick, 1993). Solid, incredible, and emphatically dug in associations may request exploration of how to promote their points, yet stress less over the proclivities of workers and providers of products and ventures at the bottoms and edges of their progressive systems. A profoundly developed association will be dynamic and liberal: it merits and needs hierarchical examination at various levels, with a lot of emphasis, and the target approval of speculations. Others will be order and in a rush for results: they may welcome the estimations of enquiries at numerous levels less or not under any condition. Hierarchical exploration driven by simply academic goal is an uncommon benefit. The expert analyst will all the more frequently have a prohibitive brief set by a paying customer with a particular and egotistical viewpoint. Hierarchical investigations may specify all the levels in passing or for fulfillment, as opposed to address every one of them in detail and in show. The numerous levels inside associations ought to consistently be remembered when examining structures and gathering working. Despite the fact that reviews might be supported by the most apical degree of association, substantial discoveries and logical thoroughness necessitate that the examination stretches out to groups and to people also. Towards Best Practices Various levels are unavoidable in hierarchical investigations. In what manner can the complexities of this the truth be fused for better exploration venture plan, and to guarantee discoveries on which supporters can depend? It is ideal to begin with nature in which the association works (Huber, and Glick, 1993). Such an earlier exertion will put research completely in setting. It is important to invest energy to gather essential information on how the association capacities; and to concentrate on forms which interface the different levels (Crowston, 2002). It is hazardous to plunge quick in to exploring an association: each interest in understanding its needs and to profile it precisely, will pay off regarding applicable discoveries on which move can be made. Levels in associations can be imagined as far as inner clients. This is a standard idea in Services Marketing (Payne, 2002). A more significant level in an association, or a part of the

Environmental Regulation and Business Strategy in UK and Scotland Essay

Ecological Regulation and Business Strategy in UK and Scotland - Essay Example The arrangement likewise upholds the amplification of the staying waste by using its vitality through waste-to-vitality cremation plants. Electrical/and additionally heat vitality can be created by consuming or burning of squanders (Scottish Environment Protection Agency, 2011). This is a part of concern on the grounds that the consuming of strong and fluid material will create blends of strong and vaporous discharge like substantial metals, dioxins, particulates, debris deposits, and acidic gases. A cremation plant alludes to the specialized unit and hardware that are devoted to consume or warm treatment of waste material and in this manner, produce burning warmth (Council Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the European Council ). The definition for the burning plant incorporates the site, cremation lines, squander gathering, squander capacity, fuel and air supplies, post-treatment territories for exhaust gases, waste and wastewater, and every single other office and gadgets for control and checking the tasks in cremation. Cremation of waste is accomplished by oxidation, pyrolysis, and gasification. Carefully, the vitality created by the burning of waste materials can't be viewed as sustainable power source, yet it can supplant and enhance the vitality that is sourced from petroleum derivatives like oil and curl, flammable gas, and other inexhaustible sources. As expressed by the Scottish Planning Policy 6 on sustainable power source, the vitality got from waste can assist Scotland with meeting its objectives for expanding power got from sustainable power sources (Scottish Development Executive Department, 1997). Vitality from squander is along these lines considered a piece of the reaction to environmental change towards supportable turn of events. The Renewables Obligation offers motivating forces to providers of power to acquire electrical vitality from sustainable sources (Renewables Obligation, 2007). In Scotland, the Renewables Obligat ion, and the Renewables Obligation Order were implemented on April 2002. The plans were presented by the Scottish Executive and the Department of Enterprise and Trade, and are controlled by the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority. The Renewable Orders set the measure of power from sustainable sources to 5.5% and 6.7% in 2005-2006, and 2006-2007 individually. In 2009, the Scottish government distributed the Renewables Action Plan, which submitted the nation to accomplishing 20% vitality originating from inexhaustible sources by 2020, which additionally implied that there must be an enormous increment in the vitality got from the warmth (11% expansion) and transport divisions (10% expansion) (The Scottish Government, 2009). In the Renewables Obligation (Scotland) Amendment Order of 2011 which was authorized in April 2011, squander materials were at that point included as sustainable power sources. As per SEPA, burning can be viewed as good with high reusing rates, which is additiona lly profoundly subject to the isolation of squanders. Vitality can be recuperated from leftover waste that can't be reused because of financial and specialized reasons. Regardless of the monetary emergency, the act of waste burning has risen around the world (ecoprog/Fraunhofer UMSICHT, 2010). In the most recent decade, the yearly worldwide limit of the burning plants expanded from 180 to 350 million tons. This can additionally ascend by 20% in the following five years. It is additionally expected that with landfill destinations diminishing, new plants will be

Experts Advice on the Importance of Homework For Students

Experts Advice on the Importance of Homework For Students Almost every student hates homework for many reasons. But homework is beneficial for the students because of many reasons. The homework is one of the crucial aspects of our education system. We cant neglect the importance of homework. Here in this blog, I am going to share with you the top 10 reasons that are showcasing the importance of homework for the students. Here we go:- Importance of Homework Summary Importance of HomeworkHelps build responsibilityDevelops work ethic from an early ageImproves time management.Enhance students confidence.Enhances self-esteemDevelop study habits.It can offer valuable feedback.Improves knowledge in studentsA Chance to ExploreBrings Families TogetherConclusion Helps build responsibility Nowadays, self-learning is the key to success for the students. Most of the education systems are working to make the students more accountable for doing self-studies. Homework helps the students to do some self-study to complete it. Because nowadays, the students cant revise whatever they have learned during their class session. Therefore homework allows them the opportunity to review whatever they have learned during their classes. They also get the reward for their outstanding work in the form of good grades. It also makes the students responded that the homework should meet the requirements of the teacher and submitted with the given deadline.   Develops work ethic from an early age Most of the students think that there is no value of hard work in the current scenario of the world. But they forgot that hard work is the key to success. Homework helps the students to understand the value of hard work and determination. The harder they work for their homework, the more they produce the quality homework. In this way, the students understand the value of hard work at the early age of their life. Improves time management. Time management is a crucial key for everyone. It is quite beneficial for students to learn time management at an early age. With the help of homework, the students can prioritize their tasks. In this way, they learn the skills of time management. We have seen that the students need to perform a variety of tasks daily. For this, they make the schedule and plan to manage their tasks. Enhance students confidence. Homework also helps the students to increase the self-confidence. When doing their homework, the students need to find out the solution to the problems. For this, they attempt multiple chances and come to know their reason for failure. They learn from the failure and get the best ways to solve the problems. In this way, they increase their self-confidence to solve a similar problem that they have faced in their homework. It also helps them to be confident in their problem-solving ability. Enhances self-esteem Self-esteem is interrelated with self-confidence. Once you increase your self-confidence, you also enhance your self-esteem. It allows you to complete your homework independently with confidence. Self-esteem helps you in various aspects of your life. Develop study habits. Study habits arent inherited in the students. Most of the students are still not able to develop study habits. It is quite tough for the students to develop study habits. For this, homework plays a crucial role in developing study habits. Homework helps the students to realize the importance of practice. The test-oriented homework is quite helpful in developing the study habits. It can offer valuable feedback. Done with the homework is not the end of the story. Whenever you submit your homework to your mentor, then they provide you with valuable feedback. If you have missed something in your homework, then they will let you know. In this way, their valuable feedback helps you to prepare for the exams more effectively. Sometimes the mentor provides tips on how to improve the weak areas of your study. Improves knowledge in students Homework is one of the key elements to enhance the understanding of the students. With the help of the homework, the students come to know about their topic more effectively. They do the practice again and again to solve their homework. Thus they become more creative to answer and solve the question adequately. In this way, they improve their learning and try to get academic achievements. If the students take help from their parents and teachers to complete their homework, then they allow themselves to enhance their knowledge. In contrast, it helps them to prepare for the upcoming tests.   A Chance to Explore We know homework is not just textbook oriented. Most of the time, the students may not find the answer to the homework in their textbooks. For this, they need to do some proper research. In other words, they need to solve the problems by researching the relevant answer to the problems from various sources, either online or offline. If the students do their homework independently, then they explore the skills of research in themselves. With the help of the research, they also discover new ways and concepts related to their subjects. It is an excellent example of the importance of homework in the learning process Brings Families Together Homework also plays a crucial role in bringing the family together. It brings the home and the school close enough to each other. In other words, homework helps to improve the connection between the home and the school. It is a common scenario that when the students come back to their home with lots of homework. Then they ask their parents and siblings for the homework help. It allows the parents to be a part of the homework environment. It also creates an environment where the parents and the siblings play a crucial role to spark the students enthusiasm towards studies.   Conclusion Homework is always beneficial for students. It ensures that the students should spend time studying and learning the new skills related to their subjects. Practice in homework makes it perfect for the students as well as for the teachers. The only problem I have seen in the homework that most of the time, the teacher gives an excessive amount of homework to the students. The homework should be less and straight to the point. In this way, it will be quite helpful for the students to enhance their skills.   Get the best homework help from the experts at nominal charges.

Experts Advice on the Importance of Homework For Students

Experts Advice on the Importance of Homework For Students Almost every student hates homework for many reasons. But homework is beneficial for the students because of many reasons. The homework is one of the crucial aspects of our education system. We cant neglect the importance of homework. Here in this blog, I am going to share with you the top 10 reasons that are showcasing the importance of homework for the students. Here we go:- Importance of Homework Summary Importance of HomeworkHelps build responsibilityDevelops work ethic from an early ageImproves time management.Enhance students confidence.Enhances self-esteemDevelop study habits.It can offer valuable feedback.Improves knowledge in studentsA Chance to ExploreBrings Families TogetherConclusion Helps build responsibility Nowadays, self-learning is the key to success for the students. Most of the education systems are working to make the students more accountable for doing self-studies. Homework helps the students to do some self-study to complete it. Because nowadays, the students cant revise whatever they have learned during their class session. Therefore homework allows them the opportunity to review whatever they have learned during their classes. They also get the reward for their outstanding work in the form of good grades. It also makes the students responded that the homework should meet the requirements of the teacher and submitted with the given deadline.   Develops work ethic from an early age Most of the students think that there is no value of hard work in the current scenario of the world. But they forgot that hard work is the key to success. Homework helps the students to understand the value of hard work and determination. The harder they work for their homework, the more they produce the quality homework. In this way, the students understand the value of hard work at the early age of their life. Improves time management. Time management is a crucial key for everyone. It is quite beneficial for students to learn time management at an early age. With the help of homework, the students can prioritize their tasks. In this way, they learn the skills of time management. We have seen that the students need to perform a variety of tasks daily. For this, they make the schedule and plan to manage their tasks. Enhance students confidence. Homework also helps the students to increase the self-confidence. When doing their homework, the students need to find out the solution to the problems. For this, they attempt multiple chances and come to know their reason for failure. They learn from the failure and get the best ways to solve the problems. In this way, they increase their self-confidence to solve a similar problem that they have faced in their homework. It also helps them to be confident in their problem-solving ability. Enhances self-esteem Self-esteem is interrelated with self-confidence. Once you increase your self-confidence, you also enhance your self-esteem. It allows you to complete your homework independently with confidence. Self-esteem helps you in various aspects of your life. Develop study habits. Study habits arent inherited in the students. Most of the students are still not able to develop study habits. It is quite tough for the students to develop study habits. For this, homework plays a crucial role in developing study habits. Homework helps the students to realize the importance of practice. The test-oriented homework is quite helpful in developing the study habits. It can offer valuable feedback. Done with the homework is not the end of the story. Whenever you submit your homework to your mentor, then they provide you with valuable feedback. If you have missed something in your homework, then they will let you know. In this way, their valuable feedback helps you to prepare for the exams more effectively. Sometimes the mentor provides tips on how to improve the weak areas of your study. Improves knowledge in students Homework is one of the key elements to enhance the understanding of the students. With the help of the homework, the students come to know about their topic more effectively. They do the practice again and again to solve their homework. Thus they become more creative to answer and solve the question adequately. In this way, they improve their learning and try to get academic achievements. If the students take help from their parents and teachers to complete their homework, then they allow themselves to enhance their knowledge. In contrast, it helps them to prepare for the upcoming tests.   A Chance to Explore We know homework is not just textbook oriented. Most of the time, the students may not find the answer to the homework in their textbooks. For this, they need to do some proper research. In other words, they need to solve the problems by researching the relevant answer to the problems from various sources, either online or offline. If the students do their homework independently, then they explore the skills of research in themselves. With the help of the research, they also discover new ways and concepts related to their subjects. It is an excellent example of the importance of homework in the learning process Brings Families Together Homework also plays a crucial role in bringing the family together. It brings the home and the school close enough to each other. In other words, homework helps to improve the connection between the home and the school. It is a common scenario that when the students come back to their home with lots of homework. Then they ask their parents and siblings for the homework help. It allows the parents to be a part of the homework environment. It also creates an environment where the parents and the siblings play a crucial role to spark the students enthusiasm towards studies.   Conclusion Homework is always beneficial for students. It ensures that the students should spend time studying and learning the new skills related to their subjects. Practice in homework makes it perfect for the students as well as for the teachers. The only problem I have seen in the homework that most of the time, the teacher gives an excessive amount of homework to the students. The homework should be less and straight to the point. In this way, it will be quite helpful for the students to enhance their skills.   Get the best homework help from the experts at nominal charges.

Public international law Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Secondly, the responsibility of the State also entails taking adequate measure to prevent such in-humanitarian issues and promoting adequate safety of each individual from different crimes against humanity. And, the third aspect of responsibility depicts that the States should also ensure to build strong disciplines in terms of recognising such type of happenings and provide adequate reparation to each victim within the State4. With reference to the above mentioned responsibilities, it can be specified that the States should focus on building effective structural and organising aspects to ensure adequate compliance with the set of responsibilities. In this context, strong governmental apparatus and effective managing capability for ensuring that war-crimes, genocides and ethnic cleansing do not happen are crucial aspects for consideration for the States. Moreover, it is also important for the States to establish strong punishable measures for the offenders and ensure adequate compensation to the victims, who experience such type of inhumane practices. Correspondingly, in the context of PIL, the international community is also responsible for encouraging and supporting States to effectively practice their responsibilities along with enabling the UN to build its early warning capability5.We will write a custom essay sample on Public international law or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The international communities should also inspire the regional organisations to establish early warning mechanism to complement their measures at the international context. In this regard, the communities should practice this by making constant incorporation with each State aimed at developing their capability to govern democratically. With regard to the notion of protecting population, the responsibility of fostering diplomatic along with humanitarian means in line with the commitment of defending each individual from genocide and other crimes against humanity related acts. With respect to the predetermined preventive measures of the international community, the activities are likely to be relevant if they are considered feasibly at an early stage with effective strategy and carefulness. Therefore, it is highly important for the sovereign-states to underline early warning capability along with making an effective differentiating assessment in order to deal with various types of circumstances6. Justification of the Insurrectional Movement for the States In relation to the phenomenon of political turmoil, the International Law has clearly stated that the insurrectional movements have adequate rights and responsibilities to fight for independence.

Joe Turners Come and Gone Essay - 750 Words

Joe Turners Come and Gone is a play demonstrating the movement of African Americans to freedom in 1910. The play is set in a boarding house which is a transitional place for newly freed African American to harbor while they adjust their newly-found freedom. The Images of travel and the use of the phrase the road interposes on the different transitions each character has during the play; the play examines how African Americans search for their cultural identity, following the repression of slavery. For many this involved the physical migration from the South to the North in an attempt to find a new start: In an effort to flee the discriminations they faced in the south and hoping to find financial success, many blacks migrated†¦show more content†¦Although many characters in the story migrate to Pittsburgh to leave slavery some characters do not escape slavery in their self until they allow themselves to let go of the past and find their own identity: In the 1900s black searched for a place in the world after slavery... Joe Turners Come and Gone their identity is called their song,..However main characters have trouble finding their song because of the internal struggle of whom they were and whom they are now becoming as a freed slave... (Sinclair 99). Joes Turner Come and Gone provide an example to how African Americans culture was established, its self-identity issues relate how African-Americans find not only their self but their culture as well, and once one can conceive that, theyve found their identity or their song: ...It is connecting yourself to that and understanding that this who you are. Then you can go out in the world and sing your song as an African ( P. 1352). The boarding house in the play Joe Turners Come and Gone is a place of transition for the characters in the play because it provides the characters a place to relate to other individuals while finding themselves: ...The house in the play acts as a reenforcement to the black community as it gives the characters something to identify with as they try to identify themselves.. ( Mathers 20). The road the play keeps relaying back to is a metaphor for the journey each individual in the play must have in order toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Wilson s The Pittsburgh Cycle 1691 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-American experience in the 20th century. As the second and fourth plays of the series, Joe Turner’s Come and Gone and The Piano Lesson both explore African-American identity and inheritance in the first half of the 20th century. Wilson’s two plays embody a feature different from the naturalistic or realistic plays of the Bourgeois Theatre. As is said in the American essayi st Frank Rich’s comment on Joe Turner’s Come and Gone, â€Å"Mr. Wilson s play is a mixture of the well-made naturalistic boardinghouse dramaRead MoreDrama: Joe Turners Come and Gone Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesDrama: Joe Turners Come and Gone In the play Joe Turners Come and Gone, by August Wilson, symbolism plays a very important part in conveying the true meaning of the story to the reader. August Wilson uses symbolism to suggest an intangible condition or truth about the characters in Joe Turners Come and Gone, and as the story progresses each symbol accrues complexity beyond the original meaning. August Wilsons complex use of symbolism is grossly demonstrated through Mr. Wilsons use of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Joe Turner s Come And Gone1190 Words   |  5 Pageshard to forge. Through his use of symbolism and indirect characterization, August Wilson establishes his theme that finding and maintaining one’s identity is important in life. The title Joe Turner’s Come and Gone refers to Joe Turney, the brother of former Tennessee Governor Peter Turney. In the late 19th Century, Joe Turney was responsible for transporting black prisoners from Memphis to the Tennessee State Penitentiary, located in Nashville. However, he would often either take them to convict â€Å"farms†Read MoreThe Great Migration Through Different Mediums And Times Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagestheir time. August Wilson published his play Joe Turner’s Come and Gone in 1984, a drama about the journey of several poor African-American travelers headed North to find work. Jacob Lawrence released his series of paintings titled Migration of the Negro in 1941, a series of sixty paintings that depicts the Great Migration. A major difference between Wilson’s play and Lawrence’s series is the depiction of the individual. In Joe Turner’s Come and Gone, as in any other play or drama, characters areRead MoreThe Meaning Behind The Character Of Rutherford Selig1795 Words   |  8 Pagescycle: Gem of the Ocean and Joe Turner’s Come and Gone. But in contrast to all the other white characters, who are viewed as oppressors in the plays and who have often hurt one of the black characters in some way, Selig is actually helping the African-American characters, whom he not only considers as friends, but also seems to care about. This inconsistency of Rutherford Selig’s persona with the other white characters in both â€Å"Gem of the Ocean† and â€Å"Joe Turner’s Come and Gone† renders him unique andRead MoreThe Gem Of The Ocean, Joe Turner s Come And Gone And The Piano Lesson2451 Words   |  10 PagesMyth as a semiological system in August Wilson’s Gem of the Ocean, Joe Turner’s Come and Gone and The Piano Lesson Abstract Myths are one of the most important elements included in the history of not only African-American lives but also the lives of each and every one of us. Myths are inevitable human resources at times when no other idea justifies our being. As Barthes posits, for it is human history which converts reality into speech, and it alone rules the life and the death of mythical languageRead MoreMy Life Of Becoming An Actor957 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Mom, I am changing my major to theatre†. The year is 2014, I am a sophomore in college, and I have just completed the final run of the show â€Å"Joe Turner’s Come and Gone† by August Wilson. I was cast as Mattie Campbell. At the time, I was a journalism major who didn’t really have the confidence to pursue my dream of becoming an actor. However, after completing this show, I was tired of giving half of me to the art that I loved. Therefore, the day before my scheduled academic advisement, I commencedRead MoreAfrican American Religion2610 Words   |  11 PagesAfrican American Religion Joe Turner’s Come and Gone Misty Ricard Before Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their own culture and society. They had their own language and dance.   They also had their own religion.   History tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them become more civilized because the Africans lifestyle appeared primal to them and not as developed and industrialized as theirs. WhatRead MoreEssay about august wilson biography498 Words   |  2 Pagesfollowing that, Fullerton Street. Only afterwards was he able to concentrate solely on composing, eventually producing Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom, his breakthrough product, which was based on a blues singer Gertrude â€Å"Ma† Rainey. Then he wrote Joe Turner’s Come and Gone, and Fences, which was based on his stepfather who could not gain a football scholarship because of his ethnicity. August Wilson’s plays relate directly to his African heritage, and were and are a part of his success. His expression of theRead MoreA Historical Analysis Of August Wilson1946 Words   |  8 Pagesexperience through an exploration into the poetics of the Blues. No literary scholar would deny this claim; and this assertion remains completely warranted as Wilson himself affirms that his writing is â€Å"entirely based on the ideas and attributes that come out of the blues.† (Goodstein, Rosenfeld) However, like the leftover food that wasn’t used for the next stew, the blues begin where American history has failed, with the blues serving many functions throughout Wilson’s plays as a historical response

Taking a Look at Eating Disorders - 1708 Words

EATING DISORDERS Introduction: Eating disorders are conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that include excessive or insufficient food eating habits that hampers a person’s mental as well as physical health. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most common types. Others are binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Classification: †¢ Anorexia nervosa (AN), †¢ Bulimia nervosa (BN), †¢ Eating disorders not otherwise specified †¢ Binge eating disorder (BED) or compulsive overeating, †¢ Pica The two most common types, Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa are described below: Anorexia Nervosa: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with severe physiological consequences, characterized by the inability or refusal to maintain a minimally normal weight. Patients have a profoundly disturbed body image as well as an intense fear of weight gain despite being moderately to severely underweight. Diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include the following: †¢ Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low bodyweight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. †¢ Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected. †¢ Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly lowShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Eating Disorders567 Words   |  2 PagesEating Disorders Physical exercise is inarguably healthy for the normal body functions as well as the overall good physical health. Consequently, many people take exercises to achieve the ultimate benefit of good health. However, a compulsive or compensatory need to take exercise could be an indicator of underlying problem of disordered eating habits. It pragmatic to monitor one’s exercising habits in order to increase chances of early detection of any underlying disordered eating habits. TraditionallyRead MoreTaking a Look at Eating Disorders Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesstarts to rule your life, eating proportions or habits, and thoughts- you might be in the beginning stages of an eating disorder. Eating Disorders are circumstances where there are strange or peculiar eating routine where there is too much or too little food intake for the lack of benefit to the person’s mental and physical health. Linked from Anorexia are some of the most common types of eating disorders such as Bulimia, anorexia, and binging. All of these eating disorders fall back onto excessiveRead MoreEating Disorders Are A Worldwide Problem1676 Words   |  7 Pages Are Eating Disorders are a worldwide problem? There are 3 types of eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, the fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, Bulimia Nervosa, the act of binge eating then purging or vomiting, and Binge Eating Disorder, eating until uncomfortably full in one sitting. The most common ones are Anorexi a Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Even though they have become more common in the 20th century, the first cases of eating disorders were in the Western world and dated from the 12thRead MoreEssay on Health of the Female Population Endangered by Media1008 Words   |  5 Pageswomen and the way that they think about themselves and how they should look. This portrayal of unattainable beauty has effect women and young adolescent girls the most. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner, and girls as young as five have expressed fears of getting fat (Tiggemann, 1996). The medias usage of ultra thin and beautiful models are leading to eating disorders and depression and other mental disorders in women. Robin Gerber who is a motivational speaker and author saysRead MoreAnorexia has many negative effects as well. According to the University of Maryland Medical Centers1700 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia has many negative effects as well. According to the University of Maryla nd Medical Centers article Eating Disorders, â€Å"Anorexia nervosa can increase the risk for serious health problems such as: hormonal changes including reproductive, thyroid, stress, and growth hormones, heart problems such as abnormal heart rhythm, electrolyte imbalance, fertility problems, bone density loss, anemia, and neurological problems.† Anorexia can severely affect a person internally. The continuous lack of nutrientsRead MoreAnorexia Bulimia: Why Are American Teens Starving Themselves?1533 Words   |  7 Pagesstarts taking image to the extreme and starts harming themselves by starving themselves. More and more teenagers are becoming anorexic and bulimic and it is not only affecting girls but boys are starting to come out and say they have an eating disorder. Anorexia and bulimia is a disorder that can not be taken lightly and needs to have more focus and the dangers to be taught to youth. Anorexia and bulimia sometimes are thought of as the same, they are not. Anorexia is an eating disorder, markedRead MoreEating Disorders and the Media941 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, â€Å"the body type portrayed in advertising as the ideals is possessed naturally by only 5% of American females.† (â€Å"ANAD†) Body image has been a controversial theme because of the influence of the media. It is a widely known fact that eating disorder cases are on the rise. The concept of body image is a subjective matter. The common phrase, â€Å"Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder,† holds true meaning in this sense. One’sRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Girls1343 Words   |  6 Pagesastronomically high. Females this young should not have to worry about things as superficial as looks at this age. Teenage years are supposed to be the best years of a person’s life and time should not b e wasted on worrying about body image. The pressure imposed on teenage females to adhere to a fictional standard of beauty has many negative consequences including: eating disorders, low self-esteem, and mental disorders. Teenage girls are targeted by the media the most. Ads showing thin, successful womenRead MoreExcessive Weight Loss Teenage Girls898 Words   |  4 PagesShe desires beauty, but does not look like â€Å"them† therefore she is not beautiful. She fits into her clothes, but the sizes do not fit the standard. She passes up the toast for breakfast, the hamburger for lunch and the Chinese takeout for dinner. She sweats daily so that someday she will not have to sweat it at all. She looks at the scale unsatisfied knowing twenty pounds is not enough. She, along with millions of teenage girls feel pressured to build or maintain the perfect body. Thoughts on howRead MoreEssay on The Unrealistic Concepts of Female Beauty858 Words   |  4 Pagesof perfection. What girl would not want to look like them? Unfortunately, a number of girls want to be just like them. Every year, millions of people are hurting themselves trying to be carbon copies of these sex symbols. The media presents socie ty with unrealistic body types promoting people, especially women, to look like them. In this day and age there have been an increasingly high rate of eating disorders. The trend of turning to these eating disorders to maintain that perfect, â€Å"accepted† body

Comparision Of Jack London Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Comparision Of Jack London Essay, Research Paper In Arthur Gordon # 8217 ; s short narrative # 8220 ; The Sea Devil # 8221 ; and in Jack London # 8217 ; s short narrative # 8220 ; To Construct a Fire, # 8221 ; it is clear that in malice of the many differences the two narratives have many more similarities. First, although there are more similarities between the two narratives, there are still many qualities that portray the antithetic nature between the two short narratives. For illustration, when the fisherman ( in Jack London # 8217 ; s narrative ) used his intelligence to get the better of his enemy ; # 8220 ; Merely by utilizing his encephalon could he possible survive, and he called on his encephalon for a solution. # 8221 ; ( 12 ) On the other manus, when the immature adult male ( in # 8220 ; To Construct a Fire # 8221 ; ) panicked when struck by the idea of deceasing, # 8220 ; he was cognizant of the panicked feeling that it caused # 8221 ; ( 364 ) Besides, In # 8220 ; To Construct a fire # 8221 ; the immature adult male did receive advice ; # 8220 ; he knew that he should hold listened to the man. # 8221 ; ( 357 ) Conversely, In # 8220 ; The Sea Devil # 8221 ; the old adult male did non have any advice. Furthermore, In Jack London # 8217 ; s narrative the immature adult male did larn a lesson, but he died ; # 8220 ; Then the adult male drowsed off into what seemed to him the most comfy slumber ever. # 8221 ; ( 365 ) Perversely, the adult male in Arthur Gordon # 8217 ; s narrative learned a lesson ; # 8220 ; He knew one thing. He knew he would make no more casting entirely at dark # 8221 ; # 8230 ; # 8220 ; No, non he. # 8221 ; ( 13 ) Furthermore, In Jack London # 8217 ; s narrative, the secret plan largely took topographic point on land and in the twenty-four hours clip. On the contrary, in Arthur Gordon # 8217 ; s narrative, the secret plan largely took topographic point in H2O and at dark. Besides, in # 8220 ; To Construct a Fire, # 8221 ; the chief character had a knife for a arm ; # 8220 ; With his helpless custodies he could neither pull nor keep his she ath knife. # 8221 ; ( 363 ) In contrast to this, in # 8220 ; The Sea Devil, # 8221 ; the chief character did non hold a arm of any kind. All these differences show that although there may be more similarities, there are still many differences. Second, there are many similarities between the two short narratives. For illustration, in both of the narratives, the old adult male and the immature adult male were lone. This is shown by a twosome of quotation marks: # 8220 ; He knew he would make no more casting entirely at night. # 8221 ; ( 13 ) And in London # 8217 ; s narrative, # 8220 ; he was # 8221 ; ( 357 ) . . . # 8220 ; As he turned # 8221 ; ( 358 ) . . . # 8220 ; He was bound. # 8221 ; ( 359 ) These three quotation marks show that the writer did non m ention another individual, therefore the adult male was lone. Besides, In â€Å"The Sea Devil† and in â€Å"To Build a Fire, † both of the chief characters damaged their custodies. To exemplify this, the quotation mark in â€Å"The Sea Devil, † â€Å"He lifted his other manus and felt the hot blood start instantly.† ( 13 ) And in Gordon’s narrative, † . . . he became cognizant of esthesis in his had. His flesh was burning.† ( 362 ) Furthermore, in London’s narrative, the subject was adult male vs. nature. This is illustrated by the quotation mark, † . . . he came around a bend in the trail and found himself lying in the snow.† ( 364 ) Likewise, in Gordon’s narrative, it is shown by the quotation mark, â€Å" . . . and the H2O would pour into his lungs in one crisp painful daze, and he would be finished.† Furthermore, in â€Å"The Sea Devil, † the chief character was unidentified. His name was non m entioned one time in the full narrative. Similarly, in â€Å"To Build a Fire, † neither was the immature man’s name. Besides, in Gordon’s narrative the old adult male had bad fortune. This is illustrated by the quotation mark, â€Å"He shooting over the side of the skiff as if he had roped a runaway locomotive.† Comparatively, In London’s narrative, this is shown by the quotation mark, â€Å"He was angry, and cursed his fortune aloud.† Furthermore, both narratives had a outstanding carnal figure. In â€Å"The Sea Devil, † it was the Devil Ray and in â€Å"To Build a Fire, † it was the Canis familiaris. Furthermore, in â€Å"To Build a Fire, † the immature adult male made many foolish errors. One of which is illustrated by this quotation mark, â€Å"It was his ain mistake or, instead, his error. He should non hold built the fire under the spruce tree.† Likewise, in â€Å"The Sea Devil, † it is illustrated by the quotation mark, â€Å" . . . he knew, in the split second in which idea was still possible, that those duplicate whirls had been made non by two mullets, but by the flying tips of the elephantine beam of the Gulf Coast.† All these similarities show that the narratives are really similar in many ways. In decision, in # 8220 ; The Sea Devil, # 8221 ; and in # 8220 ; To Construct a Fire, # 8221 ; the narratives had many differences, but many more typical similarities. Both narratives were adult male vs. nature, the character was nameless, the chief character was lone, and many more supports. These all progress my thesis and so, it is clear that in malice of the many differences the two narratives have many more similarities.

6 Helpful Physical and Chemical Change Examples

6 Helpful Physical and Chemical Change Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In your science class, you may have heard of chemical and physical changes. But do you know how to tell the difference between the two? The answer lies in whether or not a change to a substance results in its molecules being rearranged. In this article, we will define chemical and physical and changes. Then we’ll take a look at specific chemical change examples and physical change examples to better understand their differences and similarities. So let’s get started! When ice cream melts (and goes from a solid to a liquid), it undergoes a physical change. Physical Change Definition First, let’s talk about physical changes in chemistry. A physical change occurs when a substance or object changes its appearance, phase, or is used in a mixture. More importantly, a physical change does not change the molecular structure of a substance. And you can reverse a physical change to recover all of the original matter, even if it doesn’t look exactly the same. In other words, in physical changes, the molecules from before and after the change stay the same! What is an example of a physical change? Things like cutting a piece of paper in half, freezing water into ice or bending some of your mom’s favorite silverware (don’t do that!) are all physical changes. That’s because physical changes only affect a substance’s physical properties, not the composition of their molecules. Still not sure about what constitutes a physical change? Don’t worry: we’ll dig into more physical change examples in just a minute. When logs burn, they undergo a chemical change. Chemical Change Definition In contrast, a chemical change takes place when the original substance’s of molecules are taken apart and put back together into new combinations that are different from the original combinations. Furthermore, the original matter cannot be recovered. And unlike physical changes, these changes usually use a lot more energy, such as heat and light, because the molecular bonds need to be broken in order to rearrange them. What is an example of a chemical change, then? Some chemical change examples include a piece of paper burning, a nail rusting, or baking a cake. Like physical changes, it’s pretty clear that the way these things start and end are quite different: a shiny nail turns orange with rust, and wet dough becomes a delicious dessert. The reasons these are chemical changes is that the change happens on a molecular level. Put another way, the object you begin with and the object you end with are completely different substances. So, let’s look at some more examples of physical and chemical changes to better understand the differences and similarities between the two. When this mallet hits the egg, the egg will undergo a (very messy) physical change. (P.S: Don't try this at home!) Physical Change Examples Earlier we talked about some examples of physical and chemical changes. But sometimes telling a physical change from a chemical change can be hard. This is especially true when physical changes require or expend energy. The important thing to remember is that in a physical change, the molecules remain the same. Let’s look at three different physical change examples to better understand this idea. Example 1: Phase Changes iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W8CTuj78RbY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Phase changes involve changes in size, volume, and density. For instance, when you turn water into ice or vapor, this is called a phase change. This is because water has 3 phases: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapor or steam). It may seem like some of the water molecules are lost during each phase change: the ice cube gets smaller, and steam seems to disappear into the air. However, in each of these three stages, the water molecules stay the same. And if you were to cool down the vapor, it would reform into water. Cool it down enough, and it would turn back into ice. There would be the same amount of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ice cube as there were in the steam, and these atoms will stay in the same molecular shape in all stages. Let’s take a closer look at what’s happening on a molecular level. Vapor is made up of H20 just like the ice cube. The only difference between vapor and ice is that the individual molecules have spread apart in vapor due to the application of heat. Meanwhile, in ice, the molecules group closer together because of the absence of heat. Though these phase changes require energy to be expelled (exothermic reactions) or applied (endothermic reactions), the number of atoms and the shape of the molecules in the substance remains the same. That’s what makes it a physical change! Example 2: Changes in Size and Shape iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/30pdXVaJpzSO9vttAd" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen/iframepa href="https://giphy.com/gifs/universalafrica-umgsa-umusic-universamusicsouthafrica-30pdXVaJpzSO9vttAd"via GIPHY/a/p Like we mentioned earlier, physical changes are all about whether molecules stay the same or not. When an object undergoes a physical change, it can become a different size and shape as long as its composition stays the same. Here’s what we mean: if you have ever dropped a piece of glass on the floor, you know that it will break apart, exploding into a million pieces. If you really wanted to, once you swept all that glass up into your dustpan, you could probably fit it all back together (even though it would take a lot of time and patience). This is also a physical reaction because the glass stays glass. When it shatters, the glass changes size and shape, but its molecules don’t change. This is a physical change that only involves a change in size and shape. While energy helped shatter the glass into pieces, no energy was used to rearrange the molecules. Example 3: Mixtures Solutions iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_Tck943uH2o" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Imagine you are on a day out at the beach. The sun is shining, the sand is warm, and the seagulls are trying to steal people’s lunches. After playing in the waves for a bit, you decide to make a sandcastle. You fill your bucket up with sand and plop it upside down. The sand comes out but it doesn’t stick together. You forgot to add water! You try again, this time with water and voila, you’ve created your first tower like a master sandcastle architect. But why didn’t the sand stick together the first time? It has to do with a physical property called surface tension. Surface tension refers to how strong the bond is between a substance’s molecules. Water has a strong surface tension, so adding it to the sand creates a strong enough bond for the sand to cling together instead of falling apart. What makes this different from a chemical reaction is that the sand and the water, though mixed together, do not change their molecular structure. The water stays water and the sand stays sand. And if you were to measure the water that will eventually evaporate once the sandcastle dries, you will find that the amount of evaporated water is equal to the amount of liquid water you added to the sand originally. This is called a mixture because both substances (the sand and the water) retain their own physical properties. The same is true if you add salt or sugar to water. It seems like the salt and sugar dissolve and form new molecules. But if you were to wait for the water to evaporate, you would find that the salt or sugar molecules get left behind in the glass. This is called a solution. Solutions differ from mixtures in that they are homogenous. A single drop of saltwater would have the same number of salt molecules (NaCl) per water molecules (H2O) as another drop taken from the same solution. In a mixture, you might have more sand than water in two different handfuls, even if they were taken from the same bucket. These physical change examples should help you recognize the difference between a physical and chemical change. Especially when you compare them to the chemical change examples below. Dough turning into bread is a tasty example of a chemical change. Chemical Change Examples Both physical and chemical changes result in one thing turning into another. Whether it’s a glass breaking or burning a piece of paper, the original item becomes something different. So how can you tell the difference between a physical and a chemical change? It all comes down toyou guessed it!the molecules. In a physical change, the molecules stay exactly the same throughout the transformation. In a chemical change, however, it’s the molecules themselves that transform! Here are three examples of chemical changes to help you spot the difference! Example 1: Combustion iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xd1alir07q4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Combustion is a chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen, that creates heat and light. The energy released by the reaction (in the form of heat and light) is caused by the breaking of molecular bonds. As a result, the original substances transform into entirely different substances because of the rearrangement of molecules, which is an example of a chemical change! For instance, if you mix oxygen (O2) with a type of hydrocarbon called methane (CH4), the molecular bonds of both substances are broken, which creates the heat and light. The bonds then reform to create two different molecules: carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Combustion reactions can occur at different rates, too. An example of a slow reaction is a match burning. A fast reaction would be dynamite exploding. The amount of energy released in any combustion reaction depends on how much energy is needed to break the molecular bonds. The harder it is to break the bonds, the more energy is released overall. But regardless of whether the reaction is fast or slow, combustion is a chemical change. Example 2: Decomposition iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1ocQhkHw_MM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Decomposition is rather straightforward. A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. For instance, when an electric current is passed through water (H2O), it can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen or H2 + O2. In this example, water is broken down into its two elements. The result is a chemical change because the starting and ending molecules are different. You’ll notice that this chemical reaction needed electricity to happen. Decomposition reactions usually require the application of heat from an outside source, making it an endothermic reaction. Keep in mind that not all decomposition reactions have to break down into their elemental forms. More complicated substances with longer molecular chains may break down into smaller compounds instead of elements. An example of this is when 2Fe(OH)3 (also known as ferric oxide) is exposed to heat. Instead of breaking into its individual molecules, it turns into two compounds: Fe2O3 + 3H2O. Example 3: Combination iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w2ydd9rJHws" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe Combination reactions, also called synthesis reactions, are the opposite of decomposition reactions. These reactions occur when two substances (called reactants) are added together to create one new substance. And because this is a chemical reaction, the result is a molecular change! One example of this would be a nail rusting. While this may seem like a decomposition reaction because it seems like the nail is decomposing and falling apart. But actually, it’s a chemical change! Iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) combine to create the compound iron oxide (Fe2O3), which is rust. And as you can see, it also results in a completely new molecule. What's Next? Understanding chemical and physical reactions in only one part of what you need to know in order to succeed on either the SAT Chemistry Subject Exam or the AP Chemistry Exam. Here’s a complete syllabus for AP Chemistry to show you what you need to know, and here’s an SAT Chemistry study guide, too. Are you in IB Chemistry? We’ve got you covered, too. Here’s the complete syllabus, a comprehensive study guide, and some examples of past papers from the IB Chemistry exam. If chemistry has you stumped, it’s a good idea to check out some books that can explain challenging concepts in an easy-to-understand way. This post will help you find a guidebook that’s right for you. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Ashley Robinson About the Author Ashley Sufflà © Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.fafe3721-124b-45fe-b1ad-4d43c813eea9'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

First Confession Essays - Confession, Catholic Liturgy, Free Essays

First Confession Essays - Confession, Catholic Liturgy, Free Essays First Confession Mrs. Ryan and the Priest In Frank OConnors story First Confession, Mrs. Ryan and the priest are different. Mrs. Ryan and the priest approach Jackie differently and have different affects on him. Mrs. Ryan makes Jackie feel like a sinner in her approach to him. She teaches him how to examine his heart by asking himself a few questions, Did we take the name of the Lord, our God in Vain? Did we honor our father and mother? Did we love our neighbors as ourselves? Did we covet our neighbors goods?(614). This made Jackie feel like he is a sinner because he feels that he was not honoring his grandmother and feels that he coveted Noras penny she got every week from their grandmother. Mrs. Ryan affects Jackie by making him feel that confession is scary. After telling her story about the man who made a bad confession, Jackie becomes scared of going to confession. Mrs. Ryan is trying to scare Jackie so that he wont make a bad confession but instead she causes him to become scared of going to confession. Jackie becomes so scared that he starts to think, I would make a bad confession and then die in the night and be continually coming back and burning peoples furniture (616). The priest uses an approach of understanding. He understands Jackies thought of being a sinner, for instance, he tells Jackie that there are a lot of people he would like to go after with a bread knife as well. This had to make Jackie feel better about not being a sinner because the priest had thought the same thing as he had. For Jackie says that he tried to kill his grandmother and Nora and the priest says, theres a lot of people Id like to do the same to(618). The priest affects Jackie by comforting him. When the priest catches Nora clipping Jackie across the ear and yelled at her for doing this, Jackie feels comforted because no one had ever defended him against her before. The priest also comforts him by telling Jackie, wait now until Im finished with the old ones.(617). Jackie now feels special because the priest is going to take time with him. The priest comforts Jackie to where he is not scared of confession anymore. Jackie says, The relief of it was really enormous.(617). Between Mrs. Ryan and the priest, the method the priest uses works better than Mrs. Ryans does. Teaching people religion by scaring them does not work because someone is not going to want to learn more about it if he or she is going to become scared. The way the priest approaches and comforts Jackie is a much better method. If a person is comforted and approached in a since of understanding, it would be more likely that he or she would want to listen to the person trying to teach him or her.

Investigation of the cardiovascular changes and cognitive effects of Research Paper

Investigation of the cardiovascular changes and cognitive effects of commercially available energy drink on student in lectures - Research Paper Example 127; Finnegan, 2003, p. 147). â€Å"Energy Drinks† which are so called because they are thought to be stimulant in nature, providing the consumers with an instant boost of energy and alertness and decreasing lethargy and sleepiness, were first introduced in the global market in the late nineties and have been gaining widespread fame ever since (Kim, 2003, p. 2). Energy Drinks are categorized as â€Å"stimulant drinks,† which have been defined by the Stimulant Drinks Committee as ‘a beverage which typically contains caffeine, taurine and vitamin(s) and may contain an energy source (e.g. carbohydrate) and/or other substance(s), marketed for the specific purpose of providing real or perceived enhanced physiological and/or performance effects (Finnegan, 2003, p. 248).’ The manufacturers of Energy Drinks claim that such drinks enhance both mental and physical functions, resulting in improved physical endurance, increased alertness and concentration, augmented re action speed and an elevated affect (Kim, 2003, p. 2; Kaminer, 2010, p. 643). Statistics reveal that the United States ranks as the largest consumer of energy drinks worldwide with an annual consumption amounting to approximately 290 million gallons (Weise, 2008 cited in Higgins et al., 2010, p. 1033). It is interesting to note that the age group in which the consumption of such drinks is the highest is between 11-35 years (Ballard et al., 2010 cited in Higgins et al., 2010, p. 1033). Such drinks are common amongst the adolescent age group, in particular, amongst students due to a variety of reasons including the perception that these drinks help to boost one’s performance especially during athletic performances and during exams, help in overcoming fatigue and sleepiness and also because such drinks have now become a fad nowdays and are widely available during parties and other social gatherings (Paddock, 2008). There are several varieties of Energy Drinks available commercia lly and amongst them, Red Bull is one of the most famous and commonly consumed Energy Drink. The key active ingredients of this drink include caffeine (approximately 32 mg/dL), taurine (approximately 400 mg/dL or 1000 mg per drink), glucuronolactone (approximately 240 mg/dL or 600mg per drink), and sugar (as an energy source) (Kim, 2003, p. 2; Ragsdale, et al., 2010, p. 1193). In addition, these drinks also contain water and small quantities of some vitamins and minerals (Ragsdale, et al., 2010, p. 1199). Amongst the active ingredients, caffeine and taurine are found to contribute most significantly towards the aforementioned positive effects. An important component of energy drinks is carbohydrates which are present in significant amounts in the form of in concentrated forms of sugars such high-fructose corn syrup or sucrose. It is a well known fact that carbohydrates are the major energy metabolites of the human body. Studies have revealed that administration of moderately concent rated solutions of carbohydrates, or amounts between 25-50 g of glucose, help in improving exercise capacity and delay the occurrence of post-exercise fatigue (Scholey & Kennedy, 2004; Higgins et al., 2010). In addition, consumption of glucose in levels similar to those present in Energy Drinks has been found to improve cognitive functions including attention and reaction times (Smit et al., 2004). On the other hand, caffiene which is the other key active component of Energy Drinks, is known to be a central nervous system stimulant.

Promoting Content Area Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Promoting Content Area Learning - Essay Example These two were all recommended by Coleman & Goldenberg (2010). Setting objectives will benefit the students because it will help set a scope of area of learning that they must cover. Feedback will also ensure that they are receiving the right form of tuition. From this week’s learning resource, the type of grouping option that would be used to promote academic language in the students is mixed competency grouping. The rationale for selecting this type is in its ability to promoting peer learning and teaching. Very often, teenage learners of English language have been found to be more comfortable seeking extra knowledge from their peers and this grouping option would help to achieve this. It is expected that the mixed competency grouping will be effective in increasing interactions at the student level. But to ensure that interaction is also promoted between students and the tutor, efforts will be made to introduce post tuition encounter with students. This will be a special session where students having difficulty even after consulting their peers can come to the tutor for further assistance and learning support. (c) What aspects of the Opportunity to Learn (OTL) framework from this week’s Aguirre-Muà ±oz and Amabisca article could you incorporate to ensure English Language Learners have the necessary language skills to comprehend the academic content that is presented during a

Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers: An Analysis

Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers: An Analysis This dissertation will look at the recruitment and retention of volunteers within St Lukes Hospice Charity Shops, based in London. Whilst some aspects will be similar to the recruitment and retention of paid employees, it is essential to understand the differences between the two groups of staff. The recruitment and retention of volunteers raises many of the same challenges as those involving paid workers, but the solutions may differ (Suff, 2008). However, Olga Aikin points out that the legal status of volunteers and the duties owed to them by employers are not necessarily clear. She believes that the ambiguity is caused by the term volunteer having no universal meaning. Aiken (2009) explains that at common law level the status is relatively simple. The status can be determined by asking the question did the parties have a binding contract? For an agreement to become a binding contract there has to be mutuality of obligations and an intention for the agreement to be legally binding. At common law the parties can agree that the agreement will not be legally binding (a so-called gentlemans agreement) (Aikin, 2009) Aiken goes on to clarify that it if often wrongly thought that a contract relating to employment must include monetary benefit, however this is not the case. For there to be a contract there must be mutuality of obligation, meaning that each party must receive some benefit, and be under some obligation. The individual must receive some consideration for his or her work. This consideration does not have to be money; it could include other benefits such as training or accommodation, however, mandatory training, or training to allow a volunteer to carry out their role is not excluded (Aikin, 2009). Due to this it is essential that volunteers do not receive benefits for their role. Whilst the paying of expenses is acceptable, St Lukes would be restricted in offering volunteers other benefits which fall outside of this. It is important to establish from the outset that the person is working in a voluntary capacity, to avoid the organisation facing problems further down the line, including possible claims for payment and other benefits related to employment. Formal volunteering is defined as unpaid voluntary work carried out with, or under the auspices of, an organisation., whilst informal volunteering is defined as unpaid or voluntary work carried out outside organisations, often at neighbourhood level, but outside the immediate family (Volunteer Development Agency, 2007). Phil Hope from the Cabinet Office (Association of Volunteer Managers, 2007) defines volunteering as: any non-compulsory activity which involves spending time, unpaid, doing something which is of benefit to others (excluding relatives), society or the environment The Volunteer Development Agency (2005) defines volunteering as The commitment of time and energy for the benefit of society and the community, the environment or individuals outside ones immediate family. It is undertaken freely and by choice, without concern for financial gain. The difference between paid staff and volunteers is often not clear. Kate Engles (Volunteering England, 2006) says that: Although both permanent staff and volunteers can be motivated by the cause of the organisation, for the former there is always the additional motivation of remuneration. So it is very important that volunteer managers are aware of the wider motivations that volunteers have, because that is why they are there. A paid employee will have a contract of employment and have clear workplace rights. A volunteer does not, so the relationship is based on reasonable expectations. It is important that the terminology in a volunteering agreement refers to role, and not job, description, for example, so that it is not inferred that the volunteer is a paid employee. Similarly, volunteers should only be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses, as any subsistence or payment could be construed as a wage. One of the other major differences between volunteers and paid staff is in the recruitment process. When recruiting paid staff the process results in the most suitable person for the job being appointed. With volunteers however, the approach is often different, with the process being a lot more flexible, allowing the organisation to tailor roles to suit the individual. If an individual if unsuitable for the role for which they have applied, it is often possible to point them in the direction of an alternative department or role, for which the organisation would be able to use them. This is a tactic that St Lukes use, predominantly when individuals under the age of 18 apply to volunteer within the hospice setting. Engles continues to say that there are some requirements which help to differentiate between the two groups. These include the organisation having a volunteering policy which sets out how the volunteering arrangement should work in practice, covering recruitment, supervision, training and development and reimbursement of expenses. WRVS also recommends having good-practice policies in place to manage the volunteer workforce, mirroring the approach of policies which are in place for permanent staff. This should include documentation which clearly sets out expectations for both volunteers and the organisation about what can be expected from volunteering. (Volunteering England, 2006) This was something that was implemented in 2008 at St Lukes Hospice, called a Statement of Mutual Expectation. The Statement of Mutual Expectation is a document which clearly states what is expected of volunteers whilst working at St Lukes, and what volunteers can expect from St Lukes whilst working for the organisation. It was drawn up in agreement with a volunteer focus group, to ensure that volunteers were in agreement and that the expectations were realistic from both parties. Suff (2008) believes that having the right person, in the right place, at the right time, is central to organisational performance. Recruitment is an essential activity for organisations as a whole, not just for the HR team, but also for line managers who have become increasingly involved in the selection process (CIPD, 2009). This principal does not just relate to the recruitment of paid employees, but to volunteers too. The volunteer recruitment process should reflect that of paid staff. Prior to recruiting for a position the CIPD recommends investing time to gather information relating to the role, including the roles purpose, the outputs required by the role holder and how it fits into the organisations structure. When considering the role it is also important to take in to account the skills and personal attributes needed to perform the role effectively (CIPD, 2009). This should be the first step in the recruitment process. This should also include looking at how volunteers will be supported and managed whilst working with the organisation. By including both paid staff and current volunteers in the planning process, it ensures that everyone has an input and understands the volunteers involvement. By involving senior management and board members in any planning, this ensures that the organisation has commitment at strategic level. The National Centre for Volunteering agrees that successful recruitment is heavily dependent upon organisations identifying what is needed from potential volunteers by understanding the specific roles, and recruiting to them (McCurley and Lynch, 1998). McCurley and Lynch (1998) found that there is evidence that shows potential volunteers are attracted to the type of tasks or the nature of the role when being recruited to an organisation. It is therefore important that these are in place before the recruitment process starts. As well as being attracted to the roles offered, each volunteer has a reason for wanting to give their time for free. By identifying these motivations, the organisation will be able to match the needs of the volunteer with the needs of the organisation. Motivation factors include a commitment to the organisation. Within a local Hospice this may be that a friend or relative has received care, meeting people and socialising, gaining skills, or utilising existing skills (Volunteering England, 2006). The 2008 Institute for Volunteering Research paper Young people help out: Volunteering and giving among young people explain that the volunteering agenda believes young people volunteering has a positive impact, including increasing skills and employability, enhancing social cohesion, integrating young people in to society and reducing crime and anti social behaviour. Once the role has been planned for, the organisation needs to generate interest from external individuals. This can be done by advertisements in newspapers, on commercial job boards and on websites, including the organisations (CIPD, 2009). Regional newspapers often offer free advertisement space to charities, which can benefit both the organisation and the publisher. CIPD believes that as the use of technology in recruitment increases, organisations are adapting, and creating databases or pools of ready candidates, who can be kept in reserve, for as and when positions in the organisation arise, without the need to re-advertise (CIPD, 2009). This is not an area that St Lukes have attempted, due to lack of technology within the organisation. Also, with so many voluntary positions in the organisation, the majority of people can be placed immediately. As well as the recruitment process identifying suitable individuals, it can also be used to allow candidates to find out more about the organisation. It is also used for the individual to assess the organisation, and decide whether it is the right environment for them to work. As the experience of all applicants impacts on their view of the organisation, it is vital that each stage of the recruitment process is managed effectively and to the best of the organisations ability (CIPD, 2009). This is particularly important in an organisation such as St Lukes Hospice, who are community based, and rely heavily on word of mouth for recruitment and support. WRVS uses a variety of methods to attract potential volunteers. These include local media, attendance at events, local recruitment campaigns and word of mouth. One consideration with word-of-mouth approaches is that there could be an impact on diversity if people of similar backgrounds are coming forward, so we balance that method with other promotional activities, head of people volunteering at WRVS Chris Dobson says The CIPD Recruitment, Retention and Turnover Annual Survey 2009 found that the number of voluntary, community and not-for-profit organisations experiencing difficulty in recruiting for one or more category of vacancy in 2009 has decreased, compared to the 2008 figure, from 82% to 79%. However, the same report found that organisations with fewer than 250 employees are increasingly finding difficulty in recruiting for one or more category of vacancy in 2009 at 83%, up from 80%. The previous year CIPD also believe that effective recruitment is crucial to organisations for successful day to day running, and that it should not only be carried out to fulfil current needs, but should consider future needs, which will impact on the organisations resourcing (CIPD, 2009). However, in such a small organisation, the luxury of future planning is not always possible. With so many volunteer roles needing filling, planning for the future is not a priority. For recruitment to be effective, it is essential that there needs to be some understanding on where potential volunteers would look for current opportunities. Volunteer Development Scotland (VDS) research (2006) shows that 69% of existing volunteers became involved in volunteering through being asked to help. VDS however found that from the group of people asked, comprising of existing volunteers and non volunteers that the most popular places people believed they would look include the library, internet, direct to the organisation which they are interested in, a volunteer centre, or by speaking to their family and friends. These findings differ from the reality. Organisations can use a variety of methods to recruit volunteers. One of these is promoting itself to potential volunteers. Ways of doing this include informal methods, such as word of mouth by existing volunteers, as well as more formal methods, such as advertising. Word of mouth should not be under estimated. In a community charity it is a very powerful tool. Danson (2003) found that those who did not have access to these networks would become excluded from volunteering. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“However, the socially excludedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are the least well informed about volunteering and the least networked into existing volunteers (Danson, 2003). For young people, aged 16 24 years, word of mouth was the most popular route in to volunteering (Institute for Volunteering Research, 2008). Institute for Volunteering Research (Gaskin, 2003) conducted research, using volunteers and non volunteers, and found that recruitment messages can be targeted to particular groups of people through advertising. What Gaskin was demonstrating, was that for a modern image of volunteering, organisations should use innovative media, emphasising the benefits of volunteering. For an outreach approach, organisations should be using talks, road shows and presence at public events, which could be incorporated with fundraising events. Lastly, for maximising word of mouth recruitment organisations should be encouraging current volunteers to act as ambassadors for volunteering within the organisation. Baird (2005) has found that often, non-volunteers have little knowledge of the activities undertaken by volunteers, or the number of hours and commitment which would be required of them to join an organisation. Baird also found that potential volunteers like to know how their time can make a difference to others, the organisation, or the environment and what they themselves could gain from volunteering. Whilst some volunteers like to know what they gain personally, this would also depend on their motivation for volunteering, as mentioned by Volunteering England. It is therefore important when planning and designing the volunteer role, to include information such as amount of time involved and any ongoing commitment requirements. It is vital to remember that volunteers are an important, if not invaluable resource for many organisations, and their recruitment and retention needs to be treated with as much care and detail as that of paid employees. Whilst motivational factors may differ between paid employees and volunteers, many aspects of people management remain the same. Volunteering is a major activity in the UK, with the  governments citizenship survey (2007) identifying that three-quarters (73%) of all adults in England and Wales undertook some form of volunteering in the previous 12 months, with almost half (48%) of adults surveyed claiming to do voluntary work on a regular basis, at least once a month (Suff, 2008). However, the extent to which volunteers are used within organisations varies considerably, ranging from organisations who solely depend on unpaid staff, to organisations who have minimal volunteer involvement. The Institute for volunteering Research (2008) found that in the previous year, 59% of organisations surveyed had experienced some problems with recruiting enough volunteers, with a similar proportion (57%) reporting difficulties in recruiting volunteers with the skills their organisation required. Kate Engles, Policy and Information Officer at Volunteering England, says that there is a range of support available for charities trying to attract volunteers, including volunteer centres, who offer advice to organisations on working with volunteers. They also advertise organisations volunteering opportunities to the local community. However, this is an approach that St Lukes have previously tried, using volunteer centres in Harrow and Brent, with little success. Chris Dobson, head of people volunteering at WRVS explains the demographic changes since the formation of WRVS 70 years ago (Volunteering England, 2009): Since WRVS was formed 70 years ago, peoples lifestyles have changed significantly. For example, at first there was a big group of women who did not work, but today most women do work and so do not necessarily have the free time to volunteer. This means we have to work a bit harder and be a bit more creative in how we attract potential volunteers. St Mungos, a homeless charity based in London, use a range of approaches to promote volunteering opportunities, including free advertising in London newspapers. This is an approach that St Lukes have tried in the past; however this was not very successful in terms of recruiting volunteers but did provide free press coverage to a large reader group. (Volunteering England, 2009) St Mungos is also registered with several national volunteering databases, as well as having forged links with University College London and London Metropolitan University, due to the universities course provision relating to the work done by St Mungos. St Lukes work closely with Thames Valley University, by providing accredited modules in Palliative Care as part of their degree programme. However, students who spend time at St Lukes as part of the module do not volunteer for the charity whilst training to become specialist palliative care nurses. They carry out supervised placements within the hospice, but no students have so far extended their time to volunteering outside of the module. When recruiting volunteers for the organisation it is important to understand diversity and the role which it should play. Diversity includes physical and non physical differences, with a number of personal characteristics covered by discrimination law. These give people protection against being treated unfairly, with the protected characteristics including age, race, disability, sex, religion and belief and sexual orientation. Diversity in volunteering should mean that people from diverse backgrounds, with diverse skills, can volunteer, regardless of any of these characteristics (CIPD, 2010). There are many compelling reasons to attract a diverse mix of volunteers, such as reflecting the community or client group, encouraging inclusion and encouraging new skills and backgrounds into the organisation, because there is greater flexibility in the recruitment process for volunteers, there is greater scope to encourage greater diversity. Kate Engles (Volunteering England, 2009) observes. The Institute for volunteering Researchs 2008 study found that more than half of participating organisations (56%) had experienced problems recruiting volunteers from a wide range of social and community backgrounds. Volunteer Development Agency (2005) states that when talking about a diverse organisation, it is one that represents the community that it is in. In an area as diverse as Harrow and Brent, this is a particularly relevant challenge, and one that needs to be overcome to ensure the future of volunteers within the hospice. Over the past 5 years WRVS has worked to implement a diversity strategy. This is in an attempt to enhance its reputation and image, resulting in widening its potential recruitment pool. The reason for WRVS implementing this was that it views volunteers as the public face of the organisation, and believes that if they reflect todays diverse society, then individuals will more easily identify with it (Volunteering England, 2009). For St Lukes, this is also an influencing factor, along with the need to diversify to continue to attract volunteers from the local community. The CIPD give several examples of why an organisation would want to become more diverse. To be competitive, everyone within the organisation needs to make their best contribution. By employing a diverse workforce, this allows for a more diverse skills mix. A diverse workforce can help in market competitiveness, opening up new market opportunities, increasing market share or expanding an organisations customer base. It can benefit the organisation by brining fresh ideas and perspectives from people with different experiences and backgrounds. It can also help to ensure that the services the organisation offers are relevant to the community (Volunteer Development Agency, 2005). To implement a diversity strategy within an organisation, it needs to start with buy in from senior management, and include changes in workplace behaviour, communication and training (CIPD, 2010). CIPD Recruitment, Retention and Turnover Annual Survey 2009 found that 94% of voluntary, community or not for profit organisations surveyed monitored recruitment to gain information on gender, ethnic origin, age and disability and 70% train interviewers to understand what diversity is and the impact on stereotypes. The benefits of having a diverse workforce are also highlighted in the Institute for Volunteering research paper Regular and occasional volunteers: How and why they help out (2008). The report found that although there are no significant differences between regular and occasional volunteers when it comes to gender or ethnicity, the age of the volunteer can make a difference. Volunteers aged 25 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 44 years old and more likely to be occasional volunteers, whilst those aged over 65 are more likely to commit to regular volunteering opportunities. Retention is the process in which employees are encouraged, through various means, to remain working for the organisation. This can be ongoing, or until the completion of the project. Employee retention is beneficial for both the organisation and the individual, and it is seen as the responsibility of the employer to ensure that the employee stays working for the organisation by using compensation, environment, support, growth and relationship. (CIPD, 2010) Retention of volunteers is just as important as the recruitment. Previous literature has cited negative experiences within organisations as well as personal factors, as reasons why people leave volunteering. Examples include lack of relevant training, poor supervision within the role and uninteresting duties (Alexander, 2000). Other factors include feelings of being overburdened and undervalued (Locke, Ellis Davis-Smith, 2003). Whilst it is not a fail safe way of ensuring high retention figures, there are many processes in place within the Shops Company which work towards addressing these issues. All volunteers are issued with a manual when commencing their role, which needs completing in agreement with the shop manager. Volunteers have set roles within the shops, and have regular parties to show appreciation for their hard work and commitment, along with birthday cards set as a sign of thanks. A thorough induction programme is also thought to be essential, to make volunteers feel comfortable, welcome and able to carry out their role with confidence. It should include an introduction to the organisation, including the organisations ethos and how they can personally contribute as a member of the volunteer team, an introduction to staff and volunteers with whom they will be working, an introduction to their new role, and also cover legislation, including health and safety (Help the Hospices, 2004). Beugen (in Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers, 2007) found that it is important to recognise that the needs and motivations of volunteers change over their time volunteering for an organisation. He believes that volunteers progress through a motivation life cycle, much the same as paid employees in any organisation. The first stage of Beugens life cycle of volunteers is the exploratory stage. This is when the new volunteers are still exploring the possibilities of being a volunteer, and trying out their new role within the organisation. At this stage Beugen believes that it is important to give reassurance to the volunteer, to find out their expectations and to discuss any uncertainties that they may have. The second stage of the life cycle is the period where volunteers are developing themselves and their role. They do this by analysing what they are doing and improving on their performance. Support for the volunteer doesnt need to be as intensive as the first stage during stage two, however it is still important to maintain contact with and encourage the volunteer. (Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers, 2007) Ongoing training is important during the second stage to allow for continual development. Beugen believes that this helps to create a sense of commitment to the organisation, resulting in higher retention rates. He also thinks that it is also important to recognise volunteers achievements and to acknowledge the value of their contribution to the organisation. Recognition can be formal (e.g. certificates, long service awards) or informal (e.g. birthday cards, cakes). The final stage of Beugens life cycle is maturity. This is where the volunteer is ready to share their skills and knowledge, and to support and lead other volunteers. In an organisation with a lot of volunteers, this stage of the life cycle is important, as it allows established volunteers to share their experiences and knowledge to newer volunteers, and to possibly give a different perspective on the role than that of a paid member of staff. By involving existing volunteers in this knowledge sharing it is preventing them from losing interest and motivation. Beugen points out that it is important to recognise that total retention isnt necessarily a good thing. He believes that once a volunteer has gained new skills and interests they may be ready to move on to another organisation. This may not be necessary if the organisation is large enough to have a range of roles to keep the volunteer motivated and interested. Holmes (in Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers, 2007) comments that the recruitment and retention procedures advised by many organisations are over-formal and similar to the personnel practices for paid staff. Despite this formal approach having advantages to both managers and volunteers in its structured approach research has found that volunteers often find this approach off-putting (Gaskin, 2003; Holmes, 2004). The Institute for volunteering Research (2003) asked volunteers what factors contribute to a satisfying and enduring volunteering experience in order to help organisations recruit and retain. IVR found that what puts volunteers off is feeling used, not appreciated, not consulted and not accommodated. They found that volunteers want to feel welcome, secure, respected, informed, well used and well managed. Since they do not have the incentive of financial gain, rewards must be supplied in other ways. Kate Engles (Volunteering England, 2009) comments: Many volunteer-involving organisations use volunteers Week in June to give awards or celebrate their volunteers by an outing or picnic, for example. Saying thank you costs nothing and goes a long way. Birthday cards or small gifts can also have a lot of meaning for the recipient. Birthday cards for all volunteers are sent annually, with tea parties held during volunteers week in June as recognition of the volunteer teams extensive work at St Lukes. At St Mungos, the belief if that if volunteers can see that they are making a difference within the charity, and that they are working for a professional organisation then this will  help boost retention. This is done by integrating volunteers in to the Mungos family, by making them feel like a part of the permanent workforce (Volunteering England, 2009). Similarly to the integration of volunteers at St Mungos, St Lukes have invested time in altering its culture. Historically, within St Lukes, volunteers and paid staff have been treated very differently, with separate inductions, handbooks, social events etc. However, since 2007 work has been carried out at St Lukes, to establish a less them and us culture. This work started with the setting up of several focus groups, to enable volunteers to have more input in to the organisation. Yet, since this work in 2007, retention rates have not improved. Approximately half of the organisations surveyed in the Volunteer Development Agency 2009 survey said that during the first quarter of 2009 the number of people applying to volunteering within their organisation had stayed the same, with 39% or organisations seeing an increase. The most common reason for an increase in applicants was that people wanted to increase their employability skills to aid finding paid work. The most common reason for decreases in volunteer applications because people had less time to come forward for volunteering. The organisations who stated that they saw an increase in volunteer application in the first quarter of 2009 were asked to clarify the % increase that they had seen compared to the same period in 2008. 59% said that they had seen an increase of 1-25% and 27% had seen a 26-50% increase. Looking towards the future, the organisations surveyed predicted that the major challenges facing them over the coming 6 months were related to funding / limited resources and the need to adapt to changing motivations / expectations of volunteers. 90% of the organisations who responded to this survey were from the Voluntary and Community sector. The remaining 10% were split between organisations with a remit in church / faith, sports and social enterprise. The largest had 1080 volunteers. Although extremely difficult the quantity, the perceived monetary worth of one hour of volunteers time to the organisations surveyed average out at  £9.24, which ranged from  £0- £30. With over 700 volunteers, it is estimated that St Lukes saves in excess of over  £1,000,000 per annum. Participating organisations are quoted as saying à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Volunteers at present are needing greater flexibility, this is ok to a point but does cause our organisation problems. Volunteers are not committing themselves for long periods any more, in the past the average duration for volunteers was 2-3 years, now that is down to 6-12 months (Volunteer Development Agency, 2009). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The majority of our volunteers are women and to date a few of them were unavailable to volunteer because they have had to look for paid work when their husbands became unemployed. This trend may increase (Volunteer Development Agency, 2009). In the report Volunteering in UK Hospices: looking to the future Smith, J (2004) estimates that each Hospice volunteer contributes approximately  £1,500 a year worth of work, using nearly  £200 of management time. Using this calculation it becomes clear how invaluable Hospice volunteers are, as the Shops operation would not be able to operate to such an extensive profit without them. With plans for the Hospice to continue expanding, and the opening of more shops in the local area, it is essential that the Hospice has a strategy in place to ensure that there is a constant supply of volunteers joining the workforce to allow this to happen. As well as looking at new ways of recruiting volunteers, it is vital that the Hospice acknowledges the need to retain the volunteers is currently utilises, as they have a wealth of knowledge. As well as knowledge, Smith, J (2004) identified that volunteer commitment increases with length of service. Statistics released by Volunteering England (2009) show that demand for volunteer placements in the 6 months prior to the report (March à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" September 2009) increased in 86% of volunteer placement centres. A recent survey by Howard Lake (2009) for Institute of Fundraising found that Hospices were bucking the economic gloom. Lake found that people in the South East of England were still volunteering, and believes this to